Openssl Generate Base64 Certificate And Key
What is a SAN
A SAN is a Subject Alternative Name, and as the name implies it serves as a secondary (or tertiary, etc.) DNS name that your web application could be identified as. This is useful in the context of web farms behind a reverse proxy, load-balancing solutions, etc.
For example:
Modern Browsers will show an SSL certificate as invalid if a proper SAN is not included, so it’s best practice for us to be in the habit of including SANs in our CSRs.
A private key or public certificate can be encoded in X.509 binary DEF form or Base64-encoded. The only way to tell whether it’s in binary or Base64 encoding format is by opening up the file in a text editor, where Base64- encoded will be readable ASCII, and normally have BEGIN and END lines.
How to include a SAN
Because we want to include a SAN (Subject Alternative Name) in our CSR (and certificate), we need to use a customized openssl.cnf file.
While you could edit the ‘openssl req’ command on-the-fly with a tool like ‘sed’ to make the necessary changes to the openssl.cnf file, I will walk through the step of manually updating the file for clarity.
Mar 30, 2015 This will fire up OpenSSL, instruct it to generate a certificate signing request, and let it know to use a key we are going to specify – the one we just created, in fact. Note that a certificate signing request always has a file name ending in.csr. Oct 16, 2017 Base64 encoding decoding With OpenSSL openssl base64 encode command line Tropical Love (Original Mix) by Del Creative Common.
Follow the procedure below to extract separate certificate and private key files from the.pfx file. Take the file you exported (e.g. Certname.pfx) and copy it to a system where you have OpenSSL installed. Note: the.pfx file is in PKCS#12 format and includes both the certificate and the private key. This article discusses how to generate an unencrypted private key and public certificate pair that is suitable for use with HTTPS, FTPS, and the administrative port for EFT Server. (To generate an encrypted key/certificate pair, refer to Generating an Encrypted Private Key and Self-Signed Public Certificate.) General Information. Waht is an SSL Certificate? SSL Certificate provides security for your website by encrypting communications between the server and the person visiting the website. It contains information about your Organization and Certificate Authority. It also contains the public key. Run these OpenSSL commands, to decode your SSL Certificate, and verify that it contains the correct. Apr 12, 2020 Step 6: Create your own Root CA Certificate. OpenSSL create certificate chain requires Root and Intermediate Certificate. In this step you’ll take the place of VeriSign, Thawte, etc. Use the Root CA key cakey.pem to create a Root CA certificate cacert.pem; Give the root certificate a long expiry date.
Example openssl.cnf file
Note that the subjectAltName declaration calls an array called @alt_names, which is defined at the bottom of the file.
To include a single SAN in your CSR, update the ‘DNS’ declaration to the appropriate value (in this example, ‘webserver1.scriptech.io’), and leave the DNS.x declarations commented out (#). The result is an @alt_names array with a single entry.
To include multiple SANS in your CSR, comment out (#) the ‘DNS’ declaration, and uncomment the DNS.x declarations that you need. For example, your [alt_names] section would look like:
The result is an @alt_names array with multiple entries.
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Generate the new key and CSR
If you have not already, copy the contents of the example openssl.cnf file above into a file called ‘openssl.cnf’ somewhere. Make note of the location.
Also make sure you update the DN information (Country, State, etc.)
Create a new key
Create a new CSR
Verify the CSR
To view the contents of your new CSR, use the following command:
This example shows a single SAN which I included in my openssl.cnf file.
Sign the CSR
Now that you have your properly-formatted CSR, you need to sign it using a Trusted Root Certificate Authority. Depending on your context, this could be a third-party CA like DigiCert or GoDaddy, or it could be an internal Certificate Authority (OpenSSL CA, Active Directory Certificate Services)
The contents of a certificate in the openssl format can be viewed with the following command:
6.3.7 Creating SSL Certificates and Keys Using openssl
This section describes how to use the openssl command to set up SSL certificate and key files for use by MySQL servers and clients. The first example shows a simplified procedure such as you might use from the command line. The second shows a script that contains more detail. The first two examples are intended for use on Unix and both use the openssl command that is part of OpenSSL. The third example describes how to set up SSL files on Windows.
Whatever method you use to generate the certificate and key files, the Common Name value used for the server and client certificates/keys must each differ from the Common Name value used for the CA certificate. Otherwise, the certificate and key files will not work for servers compiled using OpenSSL. A typical error in this case is:
Example 1: Creating SSL Files from the Command Line on Unix
The following example shows a set of commands to create MySQL server and client certificate and key files. You will need to respond to several prompts by the openssl commands. To generate test files, you can press Enter to all prompts. To generate files for production use, you should provide nonempty responses.
After generating the certificates, verify them:
Now you have a set of files that can be used as follows:
ca.pem: Use this as the argument to--ssl-caon the server and client sides. (The CA certificate, if used, must be the same on both sides.)server-cert.pem,server-key.pem: Use these as the arguments to--ssl-certand--ssl-keyon the server side.client-cert.pem,client-key.pem: Use these as the arguments to--ssl-certand--ssl-keyon the client side.
To use the files for SSL connections, see Section 6.3.6.4, “Configuring MySQL to Use Secure Connections”.
Example 2: Creating SSL Files Using a Script on Unix
Here is an example script that shows how to set up SSL certificate and key files for MySQL. After executing the script, use the files for SSL connections as described in Section 6.3.6.4, “Configuring MySQL to Use Secure Connections”.
Example 3: Creating SSL Files on Windows
Download OpenSSL for Windows if it is not installed on your system. An overview of available packages can be seen here:
Choose the Win32 OpenSSL Light or Win64 OpenSSL Light package, depending on your architecture (32-bit or 64-bit). The default installation location will be C:OpenSSL-Win32 or C:OpenSSL-Win64, depending on which package you downloaded. The following instructions assume a default location of C:OpenSSL-Win32. Modify this as necessary if you are using the 64-bit package.
If a message occurs during setup indicating '..critical component is missing: Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributables', cancel the setup and download one of the following packages as well, again depending on your architecture (32-bit or 64-bit):
Visual C++ 2008 Redistributables (x86), available at:
Visual C++ 2008 Redistributables (x64), available at:
After installing the additional package, restart the OpenSSL setup procedure.
During installation, leave the default C:OpenSSL-Win32 as the install path, and also leave the default option 'Copy OpenSSL DLL files to the Windows system directory' selected.
When the installation has finished, add C:OpenSSL-Win32bin to the Windows System Path variable of your server:
On the Windows desktop, right-click the My Computer icon, and select Properties. Net protector 2016 key generator.
Select the Advanced tab from the System Properties menu that appears, and click the button.
Under System Variables, select Path, then click the button. The Edit System Variable dialogue should appear.
Add
';C:OpenSSL-Win32bin'to the end (notice the semicolon).Press OK 3 times.
Check that OpenSSL was correctly integrated into the Path variable by opening a new command console (Start>Run>cmd.exe) and verifying that OpenSSL is available:
Depending on your version of Windows, the preceding path-setting instructions might differ slightly.
After OpenSSL has been installed, use instructions similar to those from from Example 1 (shown earlier in this section), with the following changes:
Openssl Generate Base64 Certificate And Key Code
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Change the following Unix commands:
On Windows, use these commands instead:
When a
'character is shown at the end of a command line, this'character must be removed and the command lines entered all on a single line.
After generating the certificate and key files, to use them for SSL connections, see Section 6.3.6.4, “Configuring MySQL to Use Secure Connections”.